Tuesday, May 27, 2014

Tax Court Finds Tissue Bank Property Exempt Despite Ownership by For Profit Entity

Excerpts of the Tax Court's Decision follow:

In its final determination, the Indiana Board explained that it found that New Life occupied and used the property for a charitable purpose because the parties did not appear to dispute the issue. (See Cert. Admin. R. at 64.) Now, on appeal, the Assessor contends that this finding is erroneous because she indeed disputed the issue, and SPD’s evidence showed that New Life merely operated a business that provided health services for a fee. (See Pet’r Br. 8-10; Oral Arg. Tr. at 7-12.) (See also Pet’r Reply Br. at 2-5 (arguing that SPD therefore failed to make a prima facie case that New Life occupied and used the property for a charitable purpose as required under Indiana Code § 6-1.1-10-16).)

It is well-established that exemption statutes are to be strictly construed against the taxpayer, and thus, the taxpayer bears the burden of proving that it is entitled to the exemption that it seeks. Fraternal Order of Eagles #3988, Inc. v. Morgan Cnty. Prop. Tax Assessment Bd. of Appeals, 5 N.E.3d 1195, 1200 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2014). Accordingly, a taxpayer must show that all the elements of the charitable purposes exemption have been met for the property to be exempt. See id. Nonetheless, when the parties agree that property is owned, occupied, and used for charitable purposes, the taxpayer’s burden to offer probative evidence as to each agreed upon element is obviated. See Sangralea Boys Fund, 686 N.E.2d at 955-60 (determining only whether a unity of ownership, occupancy, and use was required for exemption because the parties did not dispute that both the owner and occupant of the property had a charitable purpose). See also, e.g., Freudenberg-NOK Gen. P’ship v. State Bd. of Tax Comm’rs, 715 N.E.2d 1026, 1031 (Ind. Tax Ct. 1999) (explaining that the parties’ agreement on an obsolescence issue negated the taxpayer’s burden to offer probative evidence on that issue), review denied. Consequently, the critical question here is whether the record supports the Indiana Board’s finding that New Life occupied and used the property for a charitable purpose.

At the Indiana Board hearing, SPD argued that New Life had a charitable purpose and presented evidence that New Life recovers and distributes human tissue for medical purposes; that tissue donation relieves the human suffering and want of medical patients who need skin grafts, orthopedic, reconstructive, neurological, cardiovascular, and oral surgeries; and that in providing these services, New Life receives reimbursements that cover only its skin acquisition costs. (See, e.g., Cert. Admin. R. at 104, 158-62, 326, 333-37.) SPD also presented evidence showing that prior to New Life’s creation, the supply of transplantable human tissue and the number of tissue banks in Indiana was inadequate to meet demand. (See Cert. Admin. R. at 335-37.)

The Assessor’s presentation, however, did not challenge SPD’s claims regarding New Life’s charitable purpose or present evidence to the contrary, but instead, focused primarily on whether SPD had a charitable purpose. (See, e.g., Cert. Admin. R. at 181-229, 293-309, 353-70, 385-406.) Moreover, the Assessor’s opening statement that “[w]e are not in any way, shape, or form conceding that New Life uses or occupies th[e] property for an exempt purpose” did not put the issue in dispute. (See Cert. Admin. R. at 322-23.) Indeed, this statement alone, without supporting evidence and argument, is insufficient to create an actual dispute as to whether New Life had a charitable purpose because an opening statement generally is not substantive evidence; rather, it is designed to acquaint the fact-finder with the facts that a party intends to prove. See Luphahla v. Marion Cnty. Sheriff’s Dep’t, 868 N.E.2d 1155, 1158-59 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). Accordingly, there is substantial evidence to support the Indiana Board’s finding that New Life occupied and used the property for a charitable purpose.

2.

The Indiana Board also determined that the totality of the evidence demonstrated that SPD owned the property for a charitable purpose. (See Cert. Admin. R. at 64-66.) The Assessor asserts, however, that the evidence regarding SPD’s close relationship with New Life and its status as New Life’s landlord contradicts this finding. (See Pet’r Br. at 10-11; Oral Arg. Tr. at 14-15.)

The evaluation of whether property is owned, occupied, and predominately used for a charitable purpose is a fact sensitive inquiry; there are no bright-line tests because every exemption case stands on its own facts. Jamestown Homes of Mishawaka, Inc. v. St. Joseph’s Cnty. Assessor, 914 N.E.2d 13, 15 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2009), review denied. In this case, the administrative record reveals that the same individuals that created and own New Life created and own SPD. (See Cert. Admin. R. at 106, 152-53, 329-30, 338-40.) In fact, SPD exists as an outgrowth of New Life because SPD was formed for the sole purpose of acquiring and renting the subject property to New Life in furtherance of its charitable tissue bank operations.4 (See Cert. Admin. R. at 338-40.) In this instance, therefore, the evidence of the close relationship between these two entities does support the Indiana Board’s finding that each has a similar charitable purpose. See Amax Inc. v. State Bd. of Tax Comm’rs, 552 N.E.2d 850, 852 (Ind. Tax Ct. 1990) (stating that a final determination of the Indiana Board determination is supported by substantial evidence (i.e., more than a scintilla of evidence) when a reasonable person could view the record in its entirety and find enough relevant evidence to support the Indiana Board’s determination).

Nonetheless, the Assessor further contends that because SPD charges New Life above-market rent, SPD has a profit motive similar to that of commercial landlords, not a charitable purpose. (See Pet’r Br. at 10-11.) The record evidence reveals that SPD, unlike some commercial landlords, owns and rents just one property, the property it rents to New Life. (See Cert. Admin. R. at 340-41.) The evidence also shows that SPD has never enforced a provision in its lease with New Life that calls for annual rental increases. (Compare Cert. Admin. R. at 163 with 371.) Moreover, SPD’s evidence reveals that the amount of rent it charged New Life was designed to cover just the mortgage costs and operational expenses, not to generate profits for SPD. (See Cert. Admin. R. at 341, 348-49, 371-72.) Finally, SPD explained that unlike a typical commercial landlord its owners paid the immediately prior installment of property taxes from their own personal accounts because neither SPD nor New Life had sufficient funds to cover the liability. (See Cert. Admin. R. at 371-73.)
The totality of the evidence indicates that the arrangement between SPD and New Life was not a typical landlord-tenant relationship and that SPD did not have a profit motive. Thus, to the extent that the Assessor has invited the Court to reweigh the evidence in her favor, the Court must decline to do so. See Grant Cnty. Assessor v. Kerasotes Showplace Theatres, LLC, 955 N.E.2d 876, 883 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2011) (providing that the Court may not reweigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses when reviewing the Indiana Board’s final determinations). Therefore, the Court has no basis for reversing the Indiana Board’s finding that SPD owns the property for a charitable purpose.

3.

Lastly, the Assessor claims that the Indiana Board’s finding that SPD’s property was predominately used for charitable purposes is contrary to law. More specifically, the Assessor argues that while New Life used the property for four months of the 2009 tax year, Indiana Code § 6-1.1-10-36.3 requires that the property be used for charitable purposes for more than half of that year. (See Oral Arg. Tr. at 15-18.) Accordingly, the Assessor argues that even assuming that SPD and New Life have a charitable purpose, the Indiana Board’s final determination is contrary to law.

When the interpretation of a statute is at issue, the Court first looks to the plain language of the statute. Charwood LLC v. Bartholomew Cnty. Assessor, 906 N.E.2d 946, 949 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2009) (citation omitted). “When a statute is susceptible to more than one interpretation, it is ambiguous and the [C]ourt must interpret the statute to effectuate the intent of the legislature.” Howser Dev. LLC v. Vienna Twp. Assessor, 833 N.E.2d 1108, 1110 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2005) (citation omitted). In other words, the Court is not at liberty to construe an unambiguous statute. Id.

Indiana Code § 6-1.1-10-36.3(a) states that “property is predominantly used or occupied for [charitable] purposes if it is used or occupied for . . . [those] purposes during more than fifty percent (50%) of the time that it is used or occupied in the year that ends on the assessment date of the property.” I.C. § 6-1.1-10-36.3(a). This language clearly requires that a property be used or occupied for charitable purposes for more than 50% of the time that it is actually used or occupied during the tax year at issue. See id. Here, the evidence shows that in the four months the property was used and occupied, it was used 100% of the time for the charitable purpose of operating a tissue bank. Therefore, the Indiana Board’s final determination that SPD’s property was predominately used for charitable purposes is not contrary to law.